Iraq's documentary landscape is uniquely complex due to its constitutional bilingualism. Under Article 4 of the 2005 Iraqi Constitution, both Arabic and Kurdish are designated as official languages throughout the country. In practice, this creates two parallel administrative systems: federal Iraqi government documents are issued primarily in Arabic, while the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) in Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, and Duhok issues documents bilingually in Arabic and Sorani Kurdish (کوردی سۆرانی).
Sorani Kurdish uses a modified Arabic script with additional characters to represent sounds not found in Arabic, making it visually similar but linguistically distinct. Translators handling KRG-issued documents must be proficient in both Arabic and Sorani Kurdish, as a single document may contain headings in one language and body text in another. Birth certificates from the Kurdistan Region, for example, typically list the child's name in both Arabic and Kurdish scripts, with patronymic naming conventions that differ between the two communities.
A further complication arises from Iraq's recognized minority languages — Turkmen and Syriac (Assyrian Neo-Aramaic) — which have official status in areas where their speakers constitute a majority. Documents from cities like Kirkuk may include Turkmen text, while Syriac-language documents appear in the Nineveh Plains region. DoVisa's translators are trained to identify and accurately translate documents from all of Iraq's official and recognized language communities.








