India's linguistic diversity creates unique translation challenges. The Eighth Schedule of the Constitution lists 22 scheduled languages: Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santhali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu. These languages use over 10 distinct scripts — Devanagari, Bengali-Assamese, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Odia, Ol Chiki, and Perso-Arabic — making India one of the most script-diverse countries in the world.
Official documents are issued in the official language of the state where the event was registered. A birth certificate from Tamil Nadu is in Tamil script, from Maharashtra in Marathi (Devanagari), from West Bengal in Bengali script, and from Karnataka in Kannada script. Some states issue bilingual documents (regional language plus English), but this is not universal. The Official Languages Act, 1963 designates Hindi in Devanagari script as the official language of the Indian Union and English as the associate official language, but state-level documents follow their own language policies.
DoVisa maintains a network of translators covering all 22 scheduled languages and their respective scripts. Each translator is matched to documents based on the specific language, script, and state of origin. A Tamil document from Chennai requires different administrative terminology expertise than a Bengali document from Kolkata, even when both are translated into English. Our quality process includes script verification by native-language reviewers to catch transliteration errors that general linguists might miss — particularly important for Indian names, which may be rendered differently across scripts.








