Turkmen (türkmen dili) is a Turkic language spoken by approximately 10 million people, primarily in Turkmenistan. It is closely related to Turkish and other Oghuz Turkic languages, sharing significant vocabulary and grammatical structure. Like Turkish, Turkmen uses vowel harmony — a systematic feature where the vowels within a word agree in terms of frontness and roundedness.
Turkmenistan's official writing system has undergone a significant transition in recent decades. During the Soviet era, Turkmen was written in Cyrillic script. Following independence in 1991, the government introduced a Latin-script alphabet in 1993, which was revised and finalized as the New Turkmen Alphabet (Täze Türkmen Elipbiýi) in 2000. This alphabet uses 30 letters, including several characters with diacritics and special forms such as ä, ö, ü, ň, ş, ž, ý — essential to accurate transliteration of Turkmen sounds.
This script transition means that Turkmenistani documents issued before approximately 2000 are written in Cyrillic Turkmen, while documents issued after 2000 use the Latin New Turkmen Alphabet. Additionally, Russian remains widely used in official and administrative contexts, and many official documents — particularly those issued during or shortly after the Soviet era — are in Russian. Our translators are qualified in Latin-script Turkmen, Cyrillic Turkmen, and Russian, enabling us to handle the full range of Turkmenistani document types accurately.







